At some point, you may need to control a light or a group of lights from multiple locations. This is where a 4 way switch comes in handy. With a 4-way switch, you can control a light or a group of lights from three or more locations. In this article, we will guide you through the process of wiring a 4-way switch.
Also known as: 4 way switch, four way, 4 pole switch, four pole
How it works
In order to control a light from three or more locations, you would need to use two 3-way switches and one 4-way switch. The 3-way switches would be installed at either end of the circuit, and the 4-way switch would be installed in the middle. The 4-way switch acts as a kind of “traffic cop” for the circuit, directing the flow of electricity depending on the position of the other switches.
When you flip one of the 3-way switches, it sends a signal through one of the traveler wires to the 4-way switch, which then directs the electricity either to the other 3-way switch or to the light fixture. When you flip the other 3-way switch, it sends a signal through the other traveler wire to the 4-way switch, which then directs the electricity in the opposite direction.
ex: Leviton 4 way switch wiring diagram:
Essentially, a 4-way switch allows you to control a light or a group of lights from multiple locations without having to walk to the other end of the room to flip a switch. It’s a convenient and practical solution for larger rooms, hallways, or staircases where you want to be able to control the lighting from multiple locations.
Tools and Materials Needed
Before you start wiring a 4-way switch, you need to have the following tools and materials:
- Screwdriver
- Wire stripper
- Wire nuts
- Electrical tape
- 14-3 electrical NM wire
- 3-way switches (two)
- 4-way switch (one)
Other Recommended Tools:
Fluke Multimeter
Klein Electrical Test Kit
Klein Electrical Starter Tool Kit
Wiring a 4-Way Switch: Step-by-Step Guide
Step 1: Turn off the power
Before you start wiring, turn off the power to the circuit by switching off the circuit breaker. Use a voltage tester to make sure the power is off.
Step 2: Connect the 3-way switches
Connect the two 3-way switches with 14-3 electrical wire. Connect the black wire to the common terminal of each switch, and connect the red and white wires to the remaining terminals. Make sure to mark the white wire with black electrical tape to indicate that it is a hot wire.
Step 3: Connect the 4-way switch
Connect the 4-way switch to the two 3-way switches with 14-3 electrical wire. Connect the black and red wires to the two brass-colored terminals on one side of the switch, and connect the black and red wires from the other 14-3 wire to the two brass-colored terminals on the other side of the switch.
Step 4: Connect the light
Connect the light fixture to the 14-2 electrical wire that comes from one of the 3-way switches. Connect the black wire to the black wire on the light fixture, and connect the white wire to the white wire on the light fixture. Make sure to cap the wires with wire nuts.
Step 5: Test the switch
Turn the power back on and test the switch to make sure it is working properly. Flip the switches and make sure the light turns on and off from all locations.
PDFs / Technicals
Purdue Switch Combinations (PDF)
4 Way Switch Systems (PDF)
(Video Explainer)
Wiring a 4-way switch may seem complicated, but it is actually a simple process if you follow the steps carefully. With this guide, you should be able to wire a 4-way switch with ease. Remember to always turn off the power before working on any electrical wiring, and use caution when handling wires. If you are unsure about any part of the wiring process, consult a licensed electrician.
Useful Resources
Ceiling Fans: Wiring and Installation
Common Capacitor Types and Their Functions
Centrifugal Switch: What They Do, How They Work and When To Use Them
Choose The Right Motor Starter – Types and How They Work
Basic Electrical Knowledge
FAQs
How does a 4-way light switch work?
A 4-way switch is a type of switch that is used to control a light or a group of lights from three or more locations. It works in conjunction with two 3-way switches to control the flow of electricity to the light fixture. When you flip one of the 3-way switches, it sends a signal through one of the traveler wires to the 4-way switch, which then directs the electricity either to the other 3-way switch or to the light fixture. When you flip the other 3-way switch, it sends a signal through the other traveler wire to the 4-way switch, which then directs the electricity in the opposite direction.
Does a 4-way switch need a neutral?
No, a 4-way switch does not require a neutral wire. It only requires the traveler wires and the common wire to function properly.
Can I wire a 3-way to a 4-way switch?
Yes, you can wire a 3-way switch to a 4-way switch as long as you follow the proper wiring diagram. The 3-way switch would be installed at one end of the circuit, the 4-way switch would be installed in the middle, and the other 3-way switch would be installed at the other end of the circuit.
Is a 4-way switch a double pole switch?
No, a 4-way switch is not a double pole switch. A double pole switch is a type of switch that has two separate circuits and can control two separate loads. A 4-way switch, on the other hand, is used to control a single load from multiple locations.
What’s the difference between a 3-way switch and a 4-way switch?
A 3-way switch is a type of switch that is used to control a light or a group of lights from two locations. A 4-way switch, as previously mentioned, is used to control a light or a group of lights from three or more locations. To control a light from more than two locations, you would need to use two 3-way switches and one 4-way switch.